. Therefore, from the material perspective, zinc oxide OEM trimmer packaging solutions is a "II-VI group oxide semiconductor".
The OEM trimmer packaging solutions are named according to their functions, and are called surge absorbers. Sometimes, OEM trimmer packaging solutions are also referred to as "electrical shock (surge) suppressors (absorbers)" based on their functions.
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Clipper factory price for bulk is a component with transient voltage suppression function, which can be used to replace the combination of transient suppression diodes, zener diodes and capacitors. Clipper factory price for bulk can protect the circuits of IC and other devices from damage caused by electrostatic discharge, surges and other transient currents (such as lightning strikes, etc.). When used, simply connect clipper factory price for bulk in parallel to the IC or equipment circuit to be protected. When the voltage suddenly exceeds a certain value, the resistance of clipper factory price for bulk drops rapidly, allowing a large current to flow, thereby protecting the IC or electrical equipment; when the voltage is lower than the working voltage value of clipper factory price for bulk, the resistance of clipper factory price for bulk approaches open circuit, thus not affecting the normal operation of the device or electrical equipment.
It is generally used in surge and transient protection circuits for electrical systems. For the application of varistors, there are roughly four types.
One type is the connection between power lines or between power lines and the ground. As a clipper factory price for bulk, it is typically used in scenarios where power lines and long-distance transmission signal lines are struck by lightning, causing surge pulses in the wires, and it serves to protect electronic products in such situations. Generally, inserting the clipper factory price for bulk in-line can effectively counter the induced pulses between the wires, while inserting the voltage-sensitive resistor in-line with the ground is effective against the induced pulses between the transmission lines and the ground. If the two forms of connection between wires and between wires and ground are combined, it can have a better absorption effect on surge pulses.
The two types are connection in the load, which is mainly used to absorb the inductive pulses caused by the sudden opening and closing of inductive loads, in order to prevent the components from being damaged. Generally speaking, it can be simply connected in parallel to the inductive load, but depending on the type of current and the magnitude of energy, it can also be considered to be used in combination with the R-C series absorption circuit.
The third type is the connection between contacts. This connection is mainly to prevent the contact points of the inductive charge switch from being damaged by arcs. It is usually connected in parallel with the contact points and can be purchased at the factory price for bulk orders.
The fourth type is mainly used for the protection connection of semiconductor devices. This connection method is mainly applied to controllable silicon, high-power transistors and other semiconductor devices. Generally, it is implemented by paralleling with the protected device to limit the voltage to be lower than the withstand voltage level of the protected device. This is an effective protection measure for semiconductor devices.
The problems of zinc oxide varistors
The current varistors are divided into two mutually incompatible categories in terms of their formulations and performances:
High-voltage varistor
High-voltage type varistor has the advantage of high voltage gradient (100 - 250 V/mm) and good large current characteristics (V10kA/V1mA ≤ 1.4). However, it only has ideal protection capability for narrow pulse widths (2 ≤ ms) of overvoltage and surges, and has a relatively low energy density (50 - 300) J/cm3.
High-energy type varistor
High-energy type varistors have the advantage of having a relatively high energy density (300J/cm3 to 750J/cm3), strong ability to withstand long pulse width surges, but with a relatively low voltage gradient (20V/mm to 500V/mm), and poor large current characteristics (V10kA/V1mA > 2.0).
The performance differences between these two formulations have resulted in many operational dead zones. Vacuum switches have been widely used in 10kV voltage-level power transmission and distribution systems. Due to their fast operation speed and small arc, they can cause extremely high overvoltage and surge energy during operation. If a high-voltage type varistor (such as a lightning arrester) is used for protection, although it has a high voltage gradient and a lower cost, its energy capacity is small and it is prone to damage. If a high-energy type varistor is selected, although it has a large energy capacity and a longer lifespan, its voltage gradient is low and the cost is 5 to 13 times higher than that of the former.
In low and medium power frequency conversion power supplies, the object of overvoltage protection is the power semiconductor devices. It has strict requirements for the large current characteristics and energy capacity of the varistors, and it also needs to achieve the miniaturization of the components. High-energy varistors can meet the requirements in terms of energy capacity, but their large current performance is not ideal. The residual voltage of small-diameter components is relatively high, often failing to meet the voltage limiting requirements; high-voltage varistors have good large current characteristics and are easy to miniaturize, but their energy capacity is insufficient and cannot meet the energy absorption requirements. In this field, the application of varistors in low and medium power frequency conversion power supplies is almost completely absent.
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1. "OEM trimmer packaging solutions" is a Chinese term, meaning that the resistance value changes with the voltage within a certain current and voltage range, or that the resistance value is sensitive to the voltage. The corresponding English name is "Voltage Dependent Resistor", abbreviated as "VDR".
The resistive body material of the OEM trimmer packaging solutions is semiconductor, so it is a type of semiconductor resistor. Currently, the widely used zinc oxide (ZnO) OEM trimmer packaging solutions are mainly composed of divalent element (Zn) and hexavalent element oxygen. Therefore, from the material perspective, zinc oxide OEM trimmer packaging solutions is a "II-VI group oxide semiconductor".
The OEM trimmer packaging solutions are named according to their functions, and are called surge absorbers. Sometimes, OEM trimmer packaging solutions are also referred to as "electrical shock (surge) suppressors (absorbers)" based on their functions.
2. The "safety valve" function of OEM trimmer packaging solutions
What are the uses of OEM trimmer packaging solutions? The feature of OEM trimmer packaging solutions is that when the voltage applied to it is lower than its threshold, the current flowing through it is very small, similar to a closed valve. When the voltage exceeds UN, the current flowing through it surges, similar to an open valve. By taking advantage of this function, abnormal overvoltages that often occur in the circuit can be suppressed, protecting the circuit from damage caused by overvoltage.
3. Application Type
In different application scenarios, the purpose of using OEM trimmer packaging solutions, and the voltage/current stress applied to OEM trimmer packaging solutions are not the same.
Therefore, the requirements for OEM trimmer packaging solutions vary. It is important to distinguish these differences, as they are crucial for correct usage.
Depending on the purpose of use, OEM trimmer packaging solutions can be divided into two major categories: \u2460 protective OEM trimmer packaging solutions, \u2461 circuit-functional OEM trimmer packaging solutions.
3.1 Protection using OEM trimmer packaging solutions
(1) For power supply protection purposes or for signal lines and data lines, OEM trimmer packaging solutions are used. These solutions need to meet the requirements of different technical standards.
(2) Depending on the continuous working voltage applied to the OEM trimmer packaging solutions, these solutions can be classified into two types: AC or DC. The aging characteristics of the OEM trimmer packaging solutions under these two voltage stresses are different.
(3) Depending on the different abnormal overvoltage characteristics that the OEM trimmer packaging solutions can withstand, the OEM trimmer packaging solutions can be classified into three types: surge suppression type, high power type, and others.
\u2605 Surge Suppression Type: This refers to OEM trimmer packaging solutions designed to suppress transient overvoltages such as lightning overvoltage and operational overvoltage. These transient overvoltages occur randomly and non-periodically, and the peak values of current and voltage can be very high. The vast majority of OEM trimmer packaging solutions fall into this category.
\u2605High-power type: Refers to OEM trimmer packaging solutions used to absorb continuous pulse groups that occur periodically. For example, OEM trimmer packaging solutions connected in parallel to the switching power converter. Here, the shock voltage occurs periodically and the period is known. The energy value can generally be calculated. The peak voltage is not very high, but due to the high frequency of occurrence, the average power is quite large.
\u2605High-energy type: Refers to the pressure-sensitive voltage devices used to absorb the magnetic energy in large inductive coils such as generator excitation coils and lifting electromagnet coils. For such applications, the main technical parameter is the energy absorption capacity.
The protective function of OEM trimmer packaging solutions can be repeatedly activated in most application scenarios. However, sometimes it is also designed as a one-time protective device like an electrical fuse. For example, an OEM trimmer packaging solution with a short-circuit contact is connected in parallel to the load of certain current transformers.
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Electrical appliances, in terms of technical performance, can be broadly classified into three categories: capacitive appliances, inductive appliances, and resistive appliances.
Capacitive load refers to the input load that is capacitive relative to the power supply. Common examples in households include televisions, computers, and mobile phone chargers, all of which are powered by switching power supplies and can be considered capacitive loads. This is because these electrical devices all have a large filter capacitor at the input stage. Those familiar with electronics know that capacitors allow alternating current (AC) to pass through but block direct current (DC), but the capacitor current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. In other words, instantaneously, from the perspective of the power supply, it acts as a short-circuited wire. Therefore, these electrical devices exhibit an instantaneous peak value.
Inductive loads, which we commonly encounter, include fans, audio devices (which are typically powered by low-frequency transformers), water pumps, electric drills, air conditioners, and refrigerators. When connected to a power source, their inputs are inductive coils, and a coil is essentially an inductor. Those who understand electronics generally know that the voltage of an inductor leads the current by 90 degrees. This means that when it is momentarily connected to a power source, it is also short-circuited. Only after it starts up and its impedance increases does it operate stably. When we use high-power motors, we can clearly feel that the moment the motor is turned on, the lights and appliances in the entire room flicker. This is peak power, and the instantaneous peak power is many times greater than the power indicated on the motor. For example, if a 500W motor has a 3-time instantaneous starting power, it is equivalent to a starting power of 1500W.
A resistive load, commonly seen in light bulbs, acts as a pure resistor relative to the power supply, eliminating the issue of start-up surge.
How to choose a bulk DC switching power supply in China
Is it produced by a legitimate manufacturer? Legitimate products will definitely have a Chinese trademark and manufacturer, and the packaging will bear the manufacturer's address and phone number. If these are absent, it can generally be judged as a "three-no" product. There are many products in China that are labeled with a bunch of foreign characters, but lack even a trademark or manufacturer. They are even marketed as imported products. It's best not to buy such products. If there is a quality issue, you won't even know who to contact, and don't expect the seller to provide after-sales service guarantees.
Be sure to choose products with metal casings: Due to the high power and significant heat generation of car-mounted bulk DC switching power supplies from China, if the internal heat cannot be dissipated in a timely manner, it can affect the lifespan of components at the very least, and pose a fire hazard at worst. Metal casings, on one hand, have good heat dissipation characteristics, and on the other hand, they do not burn. It is best not to choose products with plastic casings. Even if a fan is added to aid heat dissipation, it increases noise during use and the fan's working life is generally relatively short, which reduces the reliability of the entire machine. If the fan stops working one day, the consequences could be serious.
One must opt for a split-type product and avoid the integrated type. There are four disadvantages to the integrated type. Firstly, due to the shallow depth of the car cigarette lighter socket, the rear of the integrated product is relatively heavy. Bumps during driving can easily shake off the bulk DC switching power supply or cause poor contact. Secondly, when the integrated bulk DC switching power supply is plugged into the cigarette lighter socket, the rear part protrudes significantly, which can interfere with the right hand gear shifting operation, which is closely related to driving safety. This must be taken seriously. Thirdly, as it is directly plugged into the cigarette lighter socket, the rear of the integrated bulk DC switching power supply cannot be used. Fourthly, the integrated shell is made of plastic, and as we all know, plastic is not heat-resistant. Therefore, when the contact part of the integrated bulk DC switching power supply with the cigarette lighter socket passes through high current, it can generate high temperatures, leading to deformation or melting of the head, and in severe cases, even causing a fire. Therefore, whether from the perspective of safety or convenience, the integrated bulk DC switching power supply should not be chosen.
Is the protection function comprehensive? A good on-board bulk DC switching power supply from China should have comprehensive protection functions to safeguard your car and power supply under various conditions. It should also feature an audible and visual alarm function to remind you to promptly address various situations. Common protection functions include input undervoltage, overvoltage protection, overtemperature protection, output overload, and output short circuit protection.
Conversion efficiency: This is a very important indicator for bulk DC switching power supplies in China. The higher the inverter efficiency, the longer the battery can last, and the less heat the bulk DC switching power supply generates. Generally, it should reach over 90%. However, users cannot test this indicator and can only rely on the manufacturer's honesty in labeling. Users can only make a simple judgment based on the heat generated by the bulk DC switching power supply when carrying a high-power load. A good bulk DC switching power supply should be able to operate for a long time without heating up when carrying a load at 80% of its nominal power.
The cigarette lighter plug should be made of bakelite material, with a thick cable and a convenient length for use. Bakelite-made cigarette lighter plugs can operate under high temperature conditions without deforming or burning. Nowadays, products on the market that do not use bakelite-made cigarette lighter plugs are rare. Due to concerns about safety, it is still important to pay attention to this. Bakelite cigarette lighter plugs have a bright appearance, while those made of plastic material appear duller and lack luster.
If the power of the electrical appliance is greater than 160W, it is necessary to use a battery clip to directly draw power from the battery: the car cigarette lighter socket can only pass a current of about 10A, so high-power bulk DC switching power suppliers in China must be equipped with an additional battery clip cable to directly draw power from the battery. Nowadays, some manufacturers, in order to save costs, do not provide a battery clip cable even for 300W products, and they even claim to have passed CE certification, which is ridiculous. Using such products can, at the very least, burn out the car wiring, and at worst, cause a fire. Car owners, please pay close attention.
How to choose a bulk DC switching power supply in China
When choosing a bulk DC switching power supply from China, we must understand the surge capacity of the electrical appliance at the moment of power-on! The surge is only manifested in inductive or capacitive negative electrical appliances. For example, for motors, because they are inductive, the surge is generally between 3 to 7 times. For a 500W motor, the power surge ranges from 1500W to 3500W. Bulk DC switching power supplies from China generally have a 2-time peak value, which means that for a 500W bulk DC switching power supply from China, there is an instantaneous power output of 1000W, 2000W for 1000W output, 3000W for 1500W output, and 4000W for 2000W output. Therefore, for a 500W motor, we should choose a bulk DC switching power supply from China with a capacity of 2000W or more. However, on the other hand, not all motors have a 7-time peak value.
We just need to understand that a bulk DC switching power supply in China can instantly output twice its rated power, and for capacitive or inductive loads, it requires 3 to 7 times the peak power for instant startup.
Determining whether it's 3 times or 7 times the peak value is actually not difficult. Under no-load operation, it's 3 times, while under full-load operation, it's 7 times. Therefore, we can determine the peak value based on the degree of load driven by the motor. For example, when it comes to a handheld electric drill, we usually operate it under no-load conditions before drilling. So we can calculate it as 4 times the peak value (actually 3 times, with an additional 1 as a margin). For a 500W handheld electric drill, a 1000W bulk DC switching power supply from China would suffice. Other motors can be similarly judged. For air conditioners, which are purely inductive, the starting peak value is very high because the motor operates at full load every time the compressor starts. We can consider its starting as 7 times the peak value. For a 1000W air conditioner, the peak value is 7000W, and a bulk DC switching power supply from China with a peak value of 2 times would be required. Dividing 7000 by 2 equals 3500W, which means that for a 1000W air conditioner, a bulk DC switching power supply from China with a power of over 3500W is necessary for safe operation. Nowadays, air conditioners are equipped with frequency converters, so we can calculate it as 4 times the peak value. For a 1000W frequency-converting air conditioner, the peak value is 4000W, and a 2000W bulk DC switching power supply from China is required for safe operation. Therefore, for a 1000W air conditioner, we can choose a bulk DC switching power supply from China with a power ranging from 1500W to 2000W.
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An inverter converts direct current (DC) electrical energy (from batteries or accumulators) into alternating current (AC) electrical energy (typically 220V, 50Hz sine wave or square wave). In layman's terms, an inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC). It consists of an inverter bridge, control logic, and a filter circuit.
It is widely applicable to air conditioning, home theater, electric grinding wheel, power tools, sewing machine, DVD, VCD, computer, television, washing machine, range hood, refrigerator, video recorder, massager, fan, lighting, etc.
In simple terms, an inverter is an electronic device that converts low-voltage (12, 24, or 48 volts) direct current (DC) into 220-volt alternating current (AC). Because we usually rectify 220-volt AC into DC for use, and the function of an inverter is the opposite, it is named accordingly. We are living in an era of "mobility", with mobile office, mobile communication, mobile leisure, and entertainment. In a mobile state, people not only need low-voltage DC supplied by batteries or accumulators, but also require the 220-volt AC that is indispensable in our daily environment. An inverter can meet this demand.
The role of AC-DC switching power supply price in China
AC/DC switching power supply prices in China are categorized into standalone solar power inverters and grid-connected solar power inverters in applications. Standalone solar power inverters are primarily used in remote areas without household electricity and for individual household users, while grid-connected solar power inverters are mainly employed in desert power stations and urban rooftop power generation systems.
In fact, the overall function of the AC-DC switching power supply in China is to obtain corresponding sinusoidal AC power through a full-bridge circuit, followed by modulation, filtering, and boosting using a SPWM processor, and ultimately supply it to end-users who require electricity. Solar energy serves as the energy-providing system, while the inverter is a device that converts current. The energy from solar panels is converted into usable DC power through the inverter and stored in batteries for later use. This is the function of the AC-DC switching power supply in China, making it a core component of photovoltaic and wind power generation systems. However, it is important to note that the low cost of new energy generation requires the AC-DC switching power supply in China to operate at high speed.
The function of an automotive inverter
The primary function of an inverter is power conversion. After using an inverter, car owners can install many electrical devices in their cars, just like a household power strip. Car owners can charge their phones, use laptops, game consoles, and power tools in the car. Compared to the small power supply of the cigarette lighter, it is more convenient to use and there is no need to worry about the voltage being too high, which could cause the cigarette lighter power supply to fail.
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children heated gloves oem is suitable for use in various situations, especially in environments where hand warmth is needed. Here are some situations suitable for using the children heated gloves oem:
Outdoor activities in cold weather: When the weather is extremely cold, traditional warm gloves may not be able to provide sufficient warmth. children heated gloves oem can provide a continuous heat source to keep hands warm and is very suitable for outdoor activities in winter, such as skiing, hiking, camping, etc.
2. Working outdoors for long periods: For those who need to work outdoors for long periods of time, such as construction workers, traffic police, and couriers, their hands are prone to discomfort due to prolonged exposure to cold environments. children heated gloves oem can help them keep their hands warm and improve work efficiency.
3. Cycling enthusiasts: Cycling enthusiasts' hands are prone to exposure to cold wind while cycling. children heated gloves oem can provide them with warmth, reduce hand discomfort, and increase cycling comfort at the same time.
4. People with arthritis or those with sensitive hands: For people with arthritis or sensitive hands, cold weather may cause hand pain or discomfort. children heated gloves oem can provide continuous warmth and relieve these discomforts.
5. During travel: During travel, especially in cold regions, children heated gloves oem can help travelers keep their hands warm, allowing them to enjoy the scenery without being disturbed by the cold.
It should be noted that when using children heated gloves oem, make sure there is proper space between the gloves and the skin and avoid prolonged direct contact with the hot parts to prevent scalding. In addition, attention should be paid to the safety of battery charging and usage to avoid accidents.
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